What's Happening Archives - Sanford Burnham Prebys
Institute News

“Chalk talks” foster community among San Diego stem cell researchers

AuthorJessica Moore
Date

January 18, 2017

Many scientists in San Diego, and particularly on the Torrey Pines mesa, are working on therapies that rely on stem cell biology—modeling diseases for drug discovery, trying to understand the basis of a disease to develop gene therapies, or deriving transplant-based treatments. To Evan Snyder, MD, PhD, director of the Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (SBP), the local concentration of academic, clinical and industry research in this promising field creates an opportunity to encourage new collaborations.

“I wanted to get together those from multiple spheres in a way that would promote conversation,” says Snyder. “I had heard from both basic scientists and clinicians that they wanted to interact more with one another. And everyone wants to make connections with people from industry, since their work is what gets new treatments to patients. At our center retreat last year, the idea to have ‘chalk talk’ happy hours arose—instead of the usual seminar series where attendees sit and listen, this format allows attendees to interact before, during and after the presentations.”

“Chalk talks” are a way of presenting research that doesn’t rely on PowerPoint slides, creating an atmosphere that encourages audience participation and dialogue. To explain ideas visually, speakers draw on a board, the way it was done before personal computers and projectors became common.

“We also have research teams present together,” adds Snyder. “That way, you get to meet multiple people from a lab, not just the principal investigator. This approach also helps with getting collaborations started, because trainees might be more likely to approach fellow postdocs or students than they would a professor or lead scientist.”

The get-togethers, which have become well known among clinicians on the Mesa, are held the second Thursday of every month from 4-6 pm in Chairmen’s Hall and are open to all scientists and staff at the Institute. This month’s talk, on January 12, was given by the lab of Anders Persson, PhD, at UC San Francisco, who were visiting the Snyder lab. The topic, “Stem Cells in the Adult Cortex: Fact or Fiction,” sparked a lively discussion on the ability of the fully-formed brain to generate new neurons and how that relates to adult brain cancers. 

Institute News

Hearst Foundation’s new fellowship funds innovative research to fight breast cancer

AuthorJessica Moore
Date

October 20, 2016

Mark Goldberg, PhD, is working on a potential way to turn cancer stem cells into harmless cells. He and his advisor, Charles Spruck, PhD, assistant professor in the NCI-designated Cancer Center, are optimistic that they could turn this approach into new drugs that prevent breast cancer from returning.

Goldberg is supported by the first-ever research fellowship given by the David Whitmire Hearst Jr. Foundation. The funds were awarded specifically for this groundbreaking project.

“Breast cancer can spread to other organs very early, sometimes even before it’s detected,” said Spruck. “Those micrometastases—just one or a few cells—lie dormant for years, and are insensitive to anticancer drugs. Our goal is to switch those cells to a normal cell type that can’t generate a tumor.”

In as-yet unpublished research, Spruck’s lab recently discovered a protein that’s crucial for pre-cancerous cells to begin growing aggressively and out of control. Goldberg will use animal models of breast cancer to show that genetically inactivating this protein prevents secondary tumors from forming. The next step is to search for candidate drugs that inhibit the protein.

“If we find blockers of this protein that controls progression to malignancy, they could be given to breast cancer patients, after standard treatment has eradicated their primary tumor, to eliminate any remaining cancer stem cells,” added Spruck.

Goldberg’s background in bioengineering gives him a fresh perspective on cancer research. As a PhD student at Caltech, he designed implantable glucose and ion sensors using microfluidics and nanophotonics. That experience gives him a flexible, solutions-oriented approach to designing experiments.

“During Mark’s interview—the first time I met him—we came up with a really exciting way to apply what he was working on at Caltech to cancer research,” Spruck commented. “That kind of creative thinking and insight is invaluable—it’s why I hired him for this fellowship-supported spot.

“Because this research is so early-stage, it’s hard to get funded through traditional avenues. The Hearst Foundation fellowship allows us to get the evidence that this strategy works. That data will be key to getting the support we need for the drug discovery phase.” 

 

Institute News

Team led by Jamey Marth awarded $12.8M to develop new ways to prevent sepsis

AuthorJessica Moore
Date

July 26, 2016

A multidisciplinary team of scientists led by Jamey Marth, PhD, professor in the NCI-designated Cancer Center and director of UC Santa Barbara’s Center for Nanomedicine, is poised to undertake a major biomedical research initiative focused on the escalating problem of sepsis, the body’s abnormal response to severe infections.

The multi-investigator program will be supported by a five-year, $12.8 million research grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

“Millions of people are diagnosed with sepsis each year worldwide, and on average 30 percent die from the complications of sepsis. No new effective treatments have been developed in decades,” said Marth.

Playing a lead role in the translational component is Jeffrey Fried, MD, an acute care physician at Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital and an expert in sepsis. Fried and Marth have collaborated over the past four years.

“With Dr. Fried’s expertise, we have already made unexpected discoveries pertaining to human sepsis,” Marth said.

“While we have made great strides at our hospital in reducing the mortality of sepsis by two-thirds over the past 11 years, we have reached a plateau of what we can accomplish without new treatments,” Fried explained. “Marth and his co-investigators have done seminal work in investigating the molecular basis of sepsis. This work should translate into the development of radically different and more effective approaches to treating sepsis in the future.”

Additional contributing biomedical scientists and clinicians include UC San Diego faculty member Jeffrey Esko, PhD, an expert in the mechanisms of blood-based diseases, and Dzung Le, MD, PhD, head of the clinical hematology and coagulation laboratory at UC San Diego’s Hillcrest and Thornton hospitals. Jeffrey Smith, PhD, also a professor in SBP’s NCI-designated Cancer Center, brings leading expertise in mass spectrometry methods applied to blood systems.

“I look forward to contributing to this potentially transformative research,” said Smith. “The proteomics analyses at SBP will link regulation of specific blood proteins to disease states, which should point to targets for future therapeutic development.”

The program will also benefit from the involvement of renowned scientists and clinicians on its advisory board. “Sepsis remains the leading killer of patients in intensive care units and there are no approved medications,” said advisory board member Victor Nizet, MD, PhD, chief of the Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics at UC San Diego’s School of Medicine. “The highly innovative discoveries by Jamey Marth and his team have inspired a rethinking of how blood components respond to severe infection and suggest new ways to restore normal function and protect vital organs from injury.”

Marth noted the program’s potential to reduce the frequency of disability and death in patients diagnosed with sepsis. “We have an extraordinary opportunity to achieve major advances in the understanding and treatment of sepsis,” he said.

This post is based on a press release from UC Santa Barbara.

Venn diagram portraying relationships among causes, risk factors, and conditions related to sepsis. "SIRS" refers  to systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Diagram provided by Jamey Marth.

Venn diagram portraying relationships among causes and risk factors for sepsis. “SIRS” refers to systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Diagram provided by Jamey Marth.

 

Institute News

Wechsler-Reya only San Diego researcher to receive St. Baldrick’s grant

AuthorKristen Cusato
Date

July 21, 2016

Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute scientist Robert Wechsler-Reya, PhD, has received a $100,000 grant from the St. Baldrick’s Foundation. He will use the award to advance research in medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children.

Worldwide, every two minutes a child is diagnosed with cancer. One in five kids diagnosed in the U.S. will not survive, and of those who survive, two-thirds will suffer from long-term effects from the very treatment that saved their life.

As the largest private funder of childhood cancer research grants, St. Baldrick’s supports the best research no matter where it takes place, giving hope to every child. Today the organization announced 79 grants totaling $22 million dollars awarded to researchers across the country.

Dr. Wechsler-Reya is the only San Diego area researcher to be awarded a grant from St. Baldrick’s this year.

“St. Baldrick’s supports cool, exciting ideas and they allow you to start getting data so you can be funded by the NIH (National Institutes of Health),” said Wechsler-Reya. “If I could go up to a parent someday and say ‘I can figure it out, I can save your child’, that would be amazing.”

Something else that’s amazing: Wechsler-Reya’s brother Dr. Dan Wechsler, of the Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina, also received a grant from St. Baldrick’s to study leukemia.

“It’s a really fantastic foundation,” said Wechsler-Reya. ”People raise money and shave their heads, to really think about what a child with cancer goes through.”

 

Institute News

Cancer Moonshot satellite summit held at Sanford Burnham Prebys

AuthorJessica Moore
Date

July 7, 2016

Our institute was one of ten sites in the U.S. selected to co-host an official summit as part of the kick-off for Vice President Joe Biden’s Cancer Moonshot. This $1 billion initiative “aims to make more therapies available to more patients, while also improving our ability to prevent cancer and detect it at an early stage.” The funds support new cancer research programs within the NIH and the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs, as well as data sharing infrastructure and efforts by the FDA to expedite development of new cancer drugs and diagnostics.

The SBP event, held on the same day as the Vice President’s summit in Washington, DC, brought together oncologists, cancer researchers, cancer survivors and their families, developers of cancer therapeutics, and leaders of key institutions making an impact on cancer in southern California. This diverse participation provided opportunities to make connections, get inspired, and find potential collaborators.

The program included an explanation of how scientific leaders are shaping the initiative, a videocast of the vice president’s speech, and three panel discussions of hopes and concerns for the program. The inside take on the Moonshot’s development was given by María Elena Martínez, PhD, professor of Family Medicine and Public Health at the UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, one of 30 experts on the Blue Ribbon Panel that is developing recommendations for action.

Several messages emerged from SBP’s summit, including:

  • Sustained research funding is required to ensure significant progress
  • Improving clinical trials (enhancing participation and streamlining approvals) is key to accelerate the pace of drug development
  • Data sharing systems must be built up to reap maximum benefits from cutting-edge methods of profiling tumors

The event was covered by multiple local news outlets, including KPBS and KUSI, and livestreamed through Facebook (video available here and here).

Garth Powis, D.Phil., director of the NCI-designated Cancer Center at SBP, was called to take part in the summit in Washington, DC.

“It was worthwhile to be there and see how the White House is interacting with the NCI,” Powis said. “Much of the focus was on big data. GSK is working with the Department of Energy to get the Veterans Administration organized and IBM is using their super computer ‘Watson’ to consolidate patient records.”

The Moonshot promises to accelerate cancer research in San Diego, given its position as a major hub for biomedical science, though no funds have yet been distributed.

 

Institute News

Happy 40th, Sanford Burnham Prebys!

AuthorJessica Moore
Date

July 7, 2016

Today marks the 40th anniversary of our institute, which was founded on July 7, 1976 as the La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation. The institute that Dr. William and Lillian Fishman started in a renovated apartment building with equipment built from spare parts has since become ;a world-renowned research organization. The original staff of five has now grown to over 1,000 employees, including more than 700 scientists.

The City of San Diego has declared today, July 7, 2016 “Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Day.” Mayor Faulconer’s Director of Outreach, John Ly, came to SBP to deliver the proclamation, which highlights 40 years of scientific successes.

SBP will continue to celebrate its 40 years of success with various events over the next 12 months.

 

 

Institute News

Siobhan Malany, PhD, selected to conduct novel medical research in space

AuthorDeborah Robison
Date

June 13, 2016

Siobhan Malany, PhD, director of Translational Biology at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona (SBP) and founder of the Institute’s first spin-off company, Micro-gRx, Inc., has been awarded $435,000 to study atrophy in muscle cells in microgravity on the International Space Station (ISS). In microgravity, conditions accelerate changes in cell growth similar to what occurs in the aging and disease process of tissues. Using real-time analysis, Malany will be able to rapidly study cells for potential new therapeutic approaches to muscle degeneration associated with aging, injury or illness. Continue reading “Siobhan Malany, PhD, selected to conduct novel medical research in space”

Institute News

SBP researcher receives NIH Outstanding Investigator Award to study deadly pathogens

AuthorSusan Gammon
Date

June 7, 2016

Francesca Marassi, PhD, professor in SBP’s NCI-designated Cancer Center, has been awarded an Outstanding Investigator Award from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS). The $4 million grant is to study how proteins on the surface of pathogens promote virulence by mediating the first-line interactions with human host cells. The project has important implications for biology and medicine.

“Our initial focus is on a protein called Ail (attachment invasion locus) that is expressed on the outer membrane of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague,” said Marassi. “The Y. pestis bacterium is highly pathogenic, spreads rapidly and causes an extremely high rate of mortality. Ail is critical for suppressing the human immune defenses and for promoting bacterial invasion”

Although it is sensitive to some antibiotics, the potential use of Y. pestis as a biological weapon has led to its classification as a Tier 1 Biothreat Agent – a designation used by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to identify pathogens and toxins that can be misused to threaten public health or national security.

“The emerging threat of bacterial drug resistance makes our work particularly important,” added Marassi. “We will be using a technology called NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) to determine the three-dimensional structure of Ail and examine how it associates with its human protein partners. Visualizing these biomolecular complexes helps us understand how pathogens engage their human host, and advances our ability to design effective drugs and vaccines for bacteria and viruses,” added Marassi.