Peter D. Adams, Ph.D.

Peter D. Adams' Research Focus

Leukemia/Lymphoma, Skin Cancer and Melanoma, Liver Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Aging, Aging-Related Diseases

Dr. Adams’ lab investigates the impact of chromatin and epigenetics on cellular senescence, aging and cancer. In particular, the lab hypothesizes that age-associated changes in chromatin and epigenetic programming contribute to the dramatic age-associated increase in incidence of cancer. While age is the biggest single risk factor for most cancers, the reason for this is current poorly understood.

Dr. Adams' research focus is driving epigenetics as a cross-cutting scientific theme and promoting access to single cell technologies at the Institute.

Peter D. Adams' Research Report

We have mapped the epigenetic landscape of senescent cells, and are defining the causes and consequences of this altered landscape. Cellular senescence is an irreversible proliferation arrest and pro-inflammatory phenotype triggered in primary cells by activated oncogenes and other molecular stresses. As a profound change in cell phenotype, the initiation and maintenance of senescence depends on reprogramming of chromatin, the epigenome and gene expression. Cellular senescence is a potent tumor suppressor mechanism. However, the accumulation of senescent cells with age also causes tissue aging, by blocking cell and tissue renewal and driving chronic inflammation. Indeed, in contrast to its acute tumor suppressive effects, chronic accumulation of inflammatory senescent cells is tumor promoting. In collaboration with Dr. Shelley Berger, we have mapped the distribution of several critical epigenetic regulators in proliferating and senescent cells, including DNA methylation, several histone modifications, histone variants and nuclear lamins. These collaborative studies have yielded critical insights into gene regulation in senescent cells (Cruickshanks et al., 2013; Rai et al., 2014; Shah et al., 2013), and the tumor suppressive and pro-aging effects of senescent cells (Cruickshanks et al., 2013; Nelson et al., 2016).


Landmark structure and functional studies on the HIRA histone chaperone complex and its role in senescence-mediated tumor suppression. In collaboration with Dr. Ronen Marmorstein in Philadelphia we have dissected the structure-function relationships between HIRA and its binding partners, UBN1, CABIN1 and ASF1a and substrate histone H3.3 (Zhang et al., 2005). This included a crystal structure of the HIRA/ASF1a interaction surface and more recently the UBN1/histone H3.3 interaction surface (Tang et al., 2006). We were the first to describe the distribution of the HIRA complex across the mammalian epigenome (Pchelintsev et al., 2013). In functional studies, we have demonstrated the role of this DNA replication independent histone chaperone complex in the control of chromatin in non-proliferating senescent cells (Rai et al., 2014). These studies have been facilitated by the mouse monoclonal and rabbit polyclonal antibodies that we have made to all subunits of the complex. More recently, we have generated the first conditional knock out mice of HIRA, UBN1 and CABIN1 and are using these to establish in vivo functions (Rai et al., 2014). Of particular note, we have revealed a function for HIRA in promoting healthy aging and the suppression of cancer (Rai et al., 2014).


We coined the term “chromostasis” to describe the presumptive homeostatic mechanisms that confer epigenetic stability over the lifecourse, and we were major contributors to the first demonstration of a DNA methylation clock in the mouse. Maintenance of cell phenotype and suppression of disease, including cancer, over the lifecourse depends on a high level of epigenetic stability. However, since chromatin is inherently dynamic (Rai et al., 2014), this steady state stability likely reflects a challenge for the cell. Therefore, presumptive “chromatin homeostasis” or “chromostasis” mechanisms are predicted to actively maintain an epigenetic steady state over the lifecourse, thereby suppressing age-associated disease (Rai et al., 2014). We have shown that histone chaperone HIRA is one such factor that contributes to epigenetic stability in non-proliferating cells (Ye et al., 2007). Recently, we reported the first DNA methylation clock in the mouse, and showed that diverse interventions – genetic, dietary and drug – that promote longevity of mice also suppress age-associated epigenetic changes and slow progression of this DNA methylation “clock”, i.e. enhance chromostasis (Cole et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2017).


We have demonstrated a “tug of war” between tumor suppressive oncogene-induced senescence and oncogenic activated Wnt signaling in melanocytic neoplasia (Adams and Enders, 2008; Ye et al., 2007). The balance between these tumor suppressive and oncogenic activities determines the efficiency of senescence-mediated tumor suppression. For example, we showed that in oncogene-expressing melanocytes a low level of activated Wnt signaling promotes benign nevus formation (Pawlikowski et al., 2013). However, a high level of activated Wnt signaling, caused by germline sequence variants, promotes giant congenital nevi in the form of congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN) syndrome (Pawlikowski et al., 2015). In a mouse model that closely recapitulates the human genetics, we showed that activated Wnt signaling and an activated Ras oncogene (NRasQ61K) cooperate to drive CMN syndrome, and that this is suppressed by acute post-natal treatment with MEK inhibitors (Pawlikowski et al., 2015). Based on these studies, our collaborator Dr. Veronica Kinsler is preparing to test MEK inhibitors in babies afflicted by CMN syndrome.


We first characterized Cytoplasmic Chromatin Fragments (CCF) in senescent cells and in collaboration defined a role for CCF as drivers of inflammation via the cGAS/STING cytoplasmic DNA sensing anti- viral pathway. Cellular senescence is a potent tumor suppressor mechanism by virtue of proliferation arrest and the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) which promotes clearance of pre-malignant cells by the immune system. However, the mechanism responsible for initiation of SASP has been unknown. In 2013, our lab first characterized and named CCF as fragments of chromatin expelled from the nucleus of senescent cells into the cytoplasm (Ivanov et al., 2013). Then, in 2015, in collaboration with Shelley Berger’s laboratory, we showed that formation of CCF depends on interaction of lamin B1 and autophagy adaptor LC3 in the nucleus, and that lamin B1 is a nuclear substrate of autophagy (Dou et al., 2015). Most recently, again with Shelley Berger’s lab, we have shown that CCF are sensed by the cytoplasmic DNA sensing anti-viral apparatus, cGAS and STING, and this leads to activation of NFkB and SASP in senescent cells (Dou et al., 2017). The role of CCF as triggers of SASP, via cGAS and STING, has been confirmed by several other labs. Most recently, we showed that formation of CCF is triggered by a retrograde mitochondria-to-nucleus signalling pathway that constututes a target for candidate anti-SASP healthy aging interventions (Vizioli et al., 2020).

Peter D. Adams' Bio

Dr. Adams most recently led the Epigenetics Unit at the Beatson Institute for Cancer Research and the University of Glasgow, Institute of Cancer Sciences, in Scotland. He has also held positions at Wistar Institute (University of Pennsylvania), Drexel University and Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia.

Peter D. Adams obtained his BA in biochemistry at the University of Oxford, England and his Ph.D. at Imperial Cancer Research Fund (now CR-UK). He did postdoctoral work with Dr. William G. Kaelin, Jr. at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Peter D. Adams is co-Editor-in-Chief of the journal Aging Cell.

 

Education

1993: Ph.D., Signal Transduction, Imperial Cancer Research Fund (CRUK), London, UK (Dr. Peter Parker, advisor)
1989: B.A., Biochemistry, Oxford University, England

 

Honors and Recognition

2003-2008: Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Scholar
1999-2001: W.W. Smith Charitable Trust Fellowship
1999-2001: V Foundation Scholar
1995-1996: Cancer Research Foundation of America Fellowship
1993-1995: SERC/NATO Fellowship
1989: B.A. with Honors in Biochemistry, Oxford University, UK
1986: Awarded a Distinction in Oxford University Preliminary Examinations
1984-1989: 1984-1989: Exhibition holder for Academic Achievement at Oxford University, UK
1983: Lane Scholarship for Academic Achievement at King Henry VIII School, UK


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Publications

Cytoplasmic chromatin triggers inflammation in senescence and cancer.

Dou Z, Ghosh K, Vizioli MG, Zhu J, Sen P, Wangensteen KJ, Simithy J, Lan Y, Lin Y, Zhou Z, Capell BC, Xu C, Xu M, Kieckhaefer JE, Jiang T, Shoshkes-Carmel M, Tanim KMAA, Barber GN, Seykora JT, Millar SE, Kaestner KH, Garcia BA, Adams PD, Berger SL

Nature 2017 Oct 19 ;550(7676):402-406

Diverse interventions that extend mouse lifespan suppress shared age-associated epigenetic changes at critical gene regulatory regions.

Cole JJ, Robertson NA, Rather MI, Thomson JP, McBryan T, Sproul D, Wang T, Brock C, Clark W, Ideker T, Meehan RR, Miller RA, Brown-Borg HM, Adams PD

Genome Biol 2017 Mar 28 ;18(1):58

Mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde signaling drives formation of cytoplasmic chromatin and inflammation in senescence.

Vizioli MG, Liu T, Miller KN, Robertson NA, Gilroy K, Lagnado AB, Perez-Garcia A, Kiourtis C, Dasgupta N, Lei X, Kruger PJ, Nixon C, Clark W, Jurk D, Bird TG, Passos JF, Berger SL, Dou Z, Adams PD

Genes Dev 2020 Mar 1 ;34(5-6):428-445

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Targeting the epichaperome to combat AML.

Li S, Adams PD

Blood 2023 Sep 21 ;142(12):1031-1032

Hematopoiesis: a BETter understanding.

Dasgupta N, Adams PD

EMBO Rep 2023 Aug 31 ;:e57927

Post-translational modifications of ATG8 proteins - an emerging mechanism of autophagy control.

Nieto-Torres JL, Zaretski S, Liu T, Adams PD, Hansen M

J Cell Sci 2023 Aug 15 ;136(16)

Spatial mapping of cellular senescence: emerging challenges and opportunities.

Gurkar AU, Gerencser AA, Mora AL, Nelson AC, Zhang AR, Lagnado AB, Enninful A, Benz C, Furman D, Beaulieu D, Jurk D, Thompson EL, Wu F, Rodriguez F, Barthel G, Chen H, Phatnani H, Heckenbach I, Chuang JH, Horrell J, Petrescu J, Alder JK, Lee JH, Niedernhofer LJ, Kumar M, Königshoff M, Bueno M, Sokka M, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Neretti N, Eickelberg O, Adams PD, Hu Q, Zhu Q, Porritt RA, Dong R, Peters S, Victorelli S, Pengo T, Khaliullin T, Suryadevara V, Fu X, Bar-Joseph Z, Ji Z, Passos JF

Nat Aging 2023 Jul ;3(7):776-790

Spurious intragenic transcription is a feature of mammalian cellular senescence and tissue aging.

Sen P, Donahue G, Li C, Egervari G, Yang N, Lan Y, Robertson N, Shah PP, Kerkhoven E, Schultz DC, Adams PD, Berger SL

Nat Aging 2023 Apr ;3(4):402-417

PSGL-1 attenuates early TCR signaling to suppress CD8(+) T cell progenitor differentiation and elicit terminal CD8(+) T cell exhaustion.

Hope JL, Otero DC, Bae EA, Stairiker CJ, Palete AB, Faso HA, Lin M, Henriquez ML, Roy S, Seo H, Lei X, Wang ES, Chow S, Tinoco R, Daniels GA, Yip K, Campos AR, Yin J, Adams PD, Rao A, Bradley LM

Cell Rep 2023 May 30 ;42(5):112436

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