José Luis Millán PhD

Related Disease
Arthritis, Bone Mineralization Disorders, Cardiovascular Diseases, Colorectal Cancer, Crohn’s Disease (Colitis), Heart Disease, Inherited Disorders, Metabolic Syndrome, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Testicular Cancer

Phenomena or Processes
Cardiovascular Biology, Disease Therapies, Extracellular Matrix, Protein Structure-Function Relationships

Anatomical Systems and Sites
Cardiovascular System, Musculoskeletal System, Vasculature

Research Models
Mouse

The Millán laboratory works on understanding the mechanisms that control normal skeletal and dental mineralization and elucidating the pathophysiological abnormalities that lead to heritable soft bones conditions such as Hypophosphatasia (HPP) and to soft-tissue calcification, including vascular calcification, that is a hallmark in patients affected by a variety of rare genetic diseases as well as in chronic kidney disease. Dr. Millán’s research has already contributed to the implementation of a novel therapy for HPP, a genetic disease caused by deficiency in tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) function, that leads to accumulation in the extracellular space of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent inhibitor of mineralization. HPP is characterized by defective mineralization of bones (rickets or osteomalacia), and teeth that display a lack of acellular cementum, hypomineralized dentin and enamel, and periodontal defects. Dr. Millán’s team has demonstrated the effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy using mineral-targeted recombinant TNAP (asfotase alfa) to prevent the skeletal and dental defects in the TNAP knockout mouse model of infantile HPP. This therapy was approved in 2015 for the treatment of patients with pediatric-onset HPP.

Current efforts, in collaboration with Professor Miyake’s group in Japan (https://www.nms-gt.org/en/members), focus on developing gene therapy as an alternative approach to treat HPP. Dr. Millán’s group has also identified key pathophysiological changes that lead to calcification of the arteries in animal models of generalized arterial calcification of infancy, pseudoxanthoma elasticum and related genetic diseases as well as in animal models of chronic kidney disease. His group, in collaboration with scientists at the Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics at Sanford Burnham Prebys, has developed proprietary compounds able to ameliorate the soft-tissue calcification in these conditions and clinical trials are now underway using these first-in-class small molecule inhibitors.