The genus Drosophila (fruit flies) are among science’s most used animal models, employed by researchers at all stages of the insects’ life. The larval stage depicted covers the first five days after an egg is laid. Three growth phases later, the larva will pupate.
Renowned philanthropist and businessman T. Denny Sanford passed away July 18, 2026 in his hometown of Sioux Falls, South Dakota. He was 90 years old.
Renowned philanthropist and businessman T. Denny Sanford passed away July 18, 2026 in his hometown of Sioux Falls, South Dakota. He was 90 years old.
A self-made billionaire, Sanford had spent recent decades diligently spreading that wealth through philanthropy, primarily focusing on education, health services and biomedical research. His motto: “Aspire to inspire before you expire.”
“Denny was larger than life. He loved people, philanthropy, business and golf. He was my supporter and advisor, but more importantly, my confidant and friend. Denny was fascinated by science and education, especially in advancing ideas and efforts that would make lives better, both in terms of health and in well-being,” said David Brenner, CEO and president of Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute.
“His generosity was manifest, from supporting research and treatment of rare children’s diseases to stem cells to recruiting new generations of bright, young scientists to carry on the work. He loved to hear about how his philanthropic investments have benefited young people.”
Sanford Burnham Prebys was a frequent beneficiary. In 2007, for example, Sanford gave the institute $20 million through Sanford Health, the largest rural health system in the U.S. and a longtime beneficiary of Sanford. The gift helped the then-called Burnham Institute to create the Sanford Children’s Health Research Center. A year later, Sanford donated $30 million to create the Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, with the Institute as a founding member.
Two years later, Sanford donated $50 million and The Burnham Institute became the Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute. In 2023, he gave $70 million to Sanford Burnham Prebys to launch an ambitious plan to recruit up to 20 new scientists.
Sanford has been an honorary trustee at Sanford Burnham Prebys since 2009.
“Long before Denny’s and my names became inextricably linked through the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, we shared a common goal to make an impact in our communities and to serve others,” said Malin Burnham, who has served on its board of directors since 1982. “Denny embodied that purpose throughout his life, generously investing himself and his resources to benefit others, often with truly transformational results.”
“Denny’s commitment to health and medicine was extraordinarily broad and deep,” noted Donald Kearns, MD, chair of the Board of Directors at Sanford Burnham Prebys and president emeritus of Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego. Indeed he partnered with and supported specialized pediatric care for local families through the hospital, Sanford Children’s Clinic in Oceanside and the Children’s Primary Care Medical Group.
Sanford fundamentally believed that basic research and the benefits derived were driven and sustained by the people who do it. That was most evident in his philanthropy supporting education and in supporting new generations of scientists, said Brenner.
“Denny was a visionary committed to making a better world. His $70 million gift to recruit new faculty—the young investigators who will be future leaders—was a transformational investment in the continued strength of biomedical research at Sanford Burnham Prebys and across the Torrey Pines Mesa.,” said Brenner.
Sanford was born in Saint Paul, Minn. in 1935 during the Great Depression. His mother died of breast cancer when he was four years old. “She had been in the hospital for about a year before she died, so I have no memory of her at all,” Sanford recalled, but her death would inspire significant, subsequent support of cancer research by her son.
His father passed when he was 20.
“We have a lot of heart disease in my family,” he told the Horatio Alger Association, which honored him in 2016. “My father had several heart attacks throughout my childhood. My older brother had a fatal heart attack at the age of 40. I also had a heart attack at the age of 44, but I have had good health since then. But the loss of my father when I was still so young was a major blow to me.
“He was the most caring person I ever met. He never graduated high school because he had to help support his family. He was very giving, and I think my ideas about philanthropy, which is such an important part of my life today, came from him.”
Sanford did graduate from high school—and the University of Minnesota in 1959. In the following years, Sanford would be a sales representative for industrial cork and building materials. He started a distribution company that he transformed into a manufacturing and research firm.
In 1986, he purchased a small bank in Sioux Falls, South Dakota with $80 million in assets, then created a credit card business: United National Corp., with its two subsidiaries, First Premier Bank and Premier Bankcard, soon had a $1 billion portfolio of credit card loans.
The scope of Sanford’s philanthropy is staggering.
He has donated more than $1 billion to Sanford Health, a system of 48 medical centers, 211 clinics and 160 senior living centers in the upper Midwest, California and Florida, including funding to establish the Edith Sanford Breast Center in honor of his mother.
In addition, Sanford has made multi-million dollar gifts to the Sanford Underground Research Facility, the Sioux Falls Development Foundation, the Sioux Falls Zoo and Aquarium and the Children’s Home Society of South Dakota.
A part-time resident of San Diego, Sanford has made similar and substantial gifts to a host of local institutions: UC San Diego, National University, the Salk Institute, San Diego Public Library and the Zoological Society of San Diego.
To date, it’s estimated Sanford’s total philanthropy is approximately $2 billion.
“We are on earth to provide for other people, not just ourselves and our families,” Sanford said before his induction into South Dakota’s Hall of Fame in 2007. “We all have the opportunity to work a little bit harder and help someone else, not just ourselves.”
Remembrances
“One of the greatest gifts of my 20-plus-year friendship with Denny was learning how deeply he cared about helping others. Whether we were talking about life, philanthropy or our Institute, he always brought the conversation back to making a difference. He believed that a truly meaningful life is measured by the impact you have on people’s lives. That philosophy has stayed with me ever since and continues to guide the mission and purpose of our biomedical research.”
Kristiina Vuori, MD, PhD
Professor
Cancer Genome and Epigenetics Program
Pauline and Stanley Foster Distinguished Chair
“I’ve always felt Denny was the older, wiser brother I never had. First time I saw his smile and those blue eyes with shirt to match, I knew I was in friendly territory. But friendly was quite an understatement. Right from the beginning, he wanted to know what we at the institute and me personally could do for kids. He was all about kids, especially those who didn’t get all the normal genes like the rest of us. Those blue eyes were quick to glow when meeting some of the kids we’ve worked with, and especially those few we’ve ‘saved.’ Those eyes teared up easily when he met the kids that neither of us could help. But their smiles would coax out a broad grin on that man’s kind and generous face.
“Whenever we had a big meeting inviting families, scientists and physicians, Denny was right there to welcome everyone and let them know how important they were to him. He showed it all the time. The kids and families wrote him thank you notes and, years later, he’d ask me about some of them.
“They asked about him too. Last year I went to a meeting in Sioux Falls and Denny said, ‘Let’s get together.’ I thought he meant a friendly drink. Not Denny. He’s the surprise man, asking me, “What do you need, pal?” I was caught totally off guard, speechless. He quickly added, ‘Not for you, for the kids.’
“He was generous, but you had to pull your own weight. We mostly got there. Just like 20 years before, being around my ‘big brother’ was all I needed. Of course, seeing that blue-eyed smile always charmed me. In May, he came to my birthday party, maybe he knew it would be our last time. I’ll miss those eyes, that man and his advice.”
Hudson Freeze, PhD
Director, Sanford Children’s Research Center
Professor
William W. Ruch Distinguished Endowed Chair
“Denny Sanford’s passing marks the loss of a truly extraordinary philanthropist whose vision, generosity and unwavering belief in the power of people to make a difference will be felt for generations.
“His support was instrumental in bringing Dr. David Brenner to Sanford Burnham Prebys, setting in motion the recruitment of world-class scientists whose discoveries continue to advance human health.
“Beyond our institute, Denny’s commitment to improving lives touched countless organizations and communities through his remarkable philanthropy. His legacy lives on not only in the buildings that bear his name, but in the scientific breakthroughs, healthier lives and brighter futures made possible by his generosity. As we honor his memory, we do so with deep gratitude and a renewed commitment to carry forward the vision he so passionately believed in.”
Lori Moore
Vice Chair, Sanford Burnham Prebys Board of Directors
“Over the fifteen years I have directed the Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics and the Center for Therapeutics Discovery, I have seen what it means for an institution to be shaped by Denny Sanford’s vision.
“Denny did not merely support biomedical research in the abstract: He embraced, and then championed, the harder and less certain part of our mission — the part that moves beyond understanding the molecular basis of disease into discovering first-in-class drugs for the diseases that have proven so stubbornly difficult to treat.
“That expansion of ambition was not the safe path. It was the visionary one, and it took someone who grasped the big picture: that transformational advances in healthcare for all begin with someone willing to fund the decades-long, uncertain crossing from biology to medicine.
“The pipeline of emerging therapeutics we are advancing today — for pain, for addiction, for cancer, for neurodegeneration — exists in large measure because Denny believed that ‘curing incurable diseases’ was a worthy investment, not a naive one. The tribute he would value most is not words, but the work itself — bringing these drugs to the patients who need them. That is the promise his generosity made possible, and the one we strive to keep.”
Michael Jackson, PhD
Senior Vice President, Drug Discovery and Development
Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics
Director, Center for Therapeutics Discovery
Associate Director, Translational Initiatives
“As a board member of Sanford Burnham Prebys, what I admired most about Denny was that his generosity didn’t just fund buildings or research. It gave big ideas the chance to become breakthroughs and helped transform our institute into a place capable of changing the future.
“As a San Diegan, I believe our fair city is healthier, stronger and more hopeful because he chose to invest here. His vision lives on in the discoveries we make, the patients we help and the lives we improve.
“As a person, Denny made me think bigger about what philanthropy can accomplish, and to believe that each of us can be a part of something greater than ourselves. His legacy will continue to inspire me—and many others—to do the very best we can, just as he did.”
Katherine Chapin
Sanford Burnham Prebys Board of Directors
“Like so many in our Sanford Burnham Prebys family, I am deeply saddened by the passing of Denny Sanford, who was a remarkable philanthropist, visionary and long-time friend. Denny’s unwavering belief in the power of scientific discovery shaped our institute and empowered our scientists to pursue breakthroughs that will bring hope to patients and families for generations to come.
“His legacy extends far beyond his extraordinary philanthropy. He inspired all of us to think bigger, dream bolder and recognize the power of philanthropy to accelerate medical discovery. As we mourn his passing, we also celebrate a life devoted to improving the human condition and making a lasting impact. There is no greater tribute we can offer than to carry his vision forward by cultivating a community of philanthropists who share his passion for discovery and are committed to ensuring that Sanford Burnham Prebys remains a place where bold science continues to change lives.”
LEAP program participants recently shared their research at a capstone presentation event. From left to right: Yun Ma, Sarina Safavi, Isabel Sakowicz and Josue Navarrete. Not pictured: Mahek Shah. Image credit: Sanford Burnham Prebys.
Postbaccalaureate training program participants deliver capstone presentations, thank mentors and colleagues
In late June 2026, trainees in the LEAP (Laboratory Experience As Pathway to Graduate School) program at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute participated in a capstone presentation event. The scholars shared their research findings following a year of work and mentorship in labs throughout the Institute.
The LEAP program was designed to bridge the gap between college graduation and graduate school. It provides recent graduates with hands-on biomedical research experience, career development opportunities and mentorship to enhance their applications for—and ability to succeed in—highly competitive biomedical PhD programs.
With generous support from the Prebys Foundation, the LEAP program is offered through a collaborative partnership between the Sanford Burnham Prebys NCI-designated Cancer Center and Office of Learning and Development.
“Today we celebrate five of our LEAP program participants who have gained new skills, demonstrated research successes and grown as scientists throughout their journeys here,” said Kevin Yip, PhD, during his introductory remarks.
Following Yip’s welcoming address, the LEAP program mentors introduced the participants and invited them forward for their capstone presentations.
Yun Ma, a trainee in the Feng and Yip labs, discussed her study of proteins that group together in what are called protein complexes to carry out biological functions.
Ma developed a method for comparing data on RNA and proteins to identify priority genes affecting how protein complexes form. These priority genes may help shed new light on how diseases progress and may inform efforts to design new medications.
Her presentation was titled, “Inferring disease-associated changes in protein complex assembly from multimodal data.”
Kevin Yip, PhD, the Andrew and Erna Viterbi Distinguished Chair and director of the Center for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, provided opening remarks at the event.
Sarina Safavi, a trainee in the Dhar lab, described her work to understand why cardiovascular disease—especially heart failure with preserved ejection fraction—is the leading cause of death among liver disease patients. Safavi developed tools needed to make new liver disease research models to study how the disease affects the heart.
The continuation of this research may lead to the discovery of new drug targets and methods for identifying liver disease patients at greater risk of heart failure to enable earlier treatments.
Her talk was titled, “Mechanistic understanding of MASLD-associated cardiac dysfunction and its reversibility.”
Josue Navarrete, a trainee in the Deshpande and Yip labs, detailed his project focused on small proteins from areas beyond the protein-coding genes that get the most scientific attention. Increasing amounts of evidence supports these microproteins’ biological importance, including in cancer.
Navarette optimized a computational technique for discovering microproteins which enables large-scale studies of thousands of genes. He tested the approach and found microproteins involved in stem cells becoming blood cells and other cells. Studying these microproteins may lead to new diagnostic techniques and potential treatments for blood cancers.
His lecture was titled, “Optimized pipeline enables genome-wide discovery of candidate microproteins in hematopoiesis.” Navarette will be joining the Institute as a doctoral student this fall.
Mahek Shah, a trainee in the Spruck lab, shared her study of a cancer treatment strategy that compels tumor cells to act as if they are infected by a virus. Known as viral mimicry, this therapeutic approach triggers the innate immune system to respond against cancer cells. Shah described drug screening experiments that identified promising novel candidate compounds.
In further tests, these compounds were found to activate viral mimicry, cause an immune response and to be toxic to cancer cells. Continued research may lead to new treatments that can boost the effectiveness of chemotherapy, radiation therapy and targeted therapies.
Her presentation was titled, “Novel compounds targeting histone modifying enzymes induce viral mimicry in breast cancer.”
Isabel Sakowicz, a trainee in the Tharp lab, discussed her research regarding the most common and difficult-to-treat form of ovarian cancer. These tumors can wall themselves off from the immune system with structural collagen proteins that resemble scar tissue.
Yun Ma, a trainee in the Feng and Yip labs, discussed her study of proteins that group together in what are called protein complexes to carry out biological functions.
Sakowicz explored how a potential treatment strategy might reduce levels of a form of collagen known to promote ovarian cancer invasiveness and metastasis. Lowering collagen VI levels may break down the barrier around ovarian cancer cells to make other treatments more effective, including immunotherapies.
Her presentation was titled, “FAK protein loss rewires amino acid metabolism in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.” Sakowicz will be joining the Institute as a doctoral student this fall.
In addition to discussing their respective projects, the trainees credited their mentors, fellow lab members and access to avenues for training and advancing as professionals.
“Beyond my scientific achievements, I have enjoyed many career development opportunities, including attending and presenting at workshops, seminars and conferences,” said Ma.
“Everyone in the lab has contributed to a truly supportive and cooperative environment,” said Safavi. “I would also like to thank the LEAP program coordinators for their efforts and making sure we were set up for success.”
A ring nematode (Mesocriconema sp.). While the nematode C. elegans is a broadly used and useful model organism in research, ring nematodes are plant-parasites that feed on agricultural crops.
A thin-melt specimen of hippuric acid, a natural metabolite found in human urine. It acts as a biomarker for dietary polyphenol intake (fruits/vegetables) and gut microbiome activity, with levels rising after consuming tea, wine and fruit.
Image courtesy of Brian Johnston.
Institute News
Sanford Burnham Prebys Science Network hosts Community Outreach Symposium showcasing early-career research
Graduate students and postdoctoral researchers from across Sanford Burnham Prebys took center stage at the 2026 Community Outreach Symposium, sharing their research with colleagues and mentors from across the Institute, as well as members of the broader community.
Organized by the Sanford Burnham Prebys Science Network (SBP-SN) and the Office of Learning and Development, the event aims to spark excitement about biomedical research and build trust with the public, while providing trainees with an opportunity to communicate their science to a diverse audience in short 3-minute talks.
The symposium included a Postdoc Pitch Competition, where postdoctoral researchers competed for the opportunity to represent Sanford Burnham Prebys in a mesa-wide competition this fall against peers from Scripps Research, Salk Institute for Biological Studies and the University of California San Diego.
The event also featured a Science Communication Competition, where seven graduate students presented their research and competed for audience votes. The friendly competition highlighted the importance of effective science communication and public engagement.
Postdoc Pitch speakers:
Jimmy Massenet, PhD, Puri lab — CTCF: The Pillars That Hold Our Genome
Julia Schoenfeld, PhD, Cosford lab — One STEP Forward in the Fight Against Alzheimer’s Disease
Ryan Loughran, PhD, Emerling lab — PIPKs: Sorting Out Your Cell’s Delivery System
Kokila Shankar, PhD, Sheffler lab — Don’t Stress: Targeting Stress Signaling to Treat Brain Disorders- (First place Judges’ Selection and People’s Choice Award)
Jessica Proulx, PhD, Adams lab — Game of Genes: A Song of Activation & Silencing – (Second place Judges’ Selection)
Erik Hultenius, Tian lab — Anti-Aging Interventions for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Patrick Hagan, Cosford lab — ATG Attack: Developing New Drugs for Pancreatic Cancer
The symposium also featured a keynote presentation by Sanjeev Ranade, PhD, assistant professor in the Center for Cardiovascular and Muscular Diseases. Ranade shared highlights from his research on congenital heart disease and developmental biology, while also reflecting on the mentors, experiences and scientific communication opportunities that shaped his career.
Drawing on his own career journey, Ranade encouraged trainees to take chances and remain open to unexpected opportunities. He shared how a seemingly small decision to submit an abstract ultimately set in motion a series of events that led to new collaborations, funding opportunities and eventually a faculty position at Sanford Burnham Prebys. Success, he noted, often comes not from following a carefully mapped path, but from being willing to step forward when opportunities arise.
The event concluded with award announcements, followed by a reception hosted by SBP-SN that provided additional opportunities for networking and scientific discussion.
By bringing together members of the Sanford Burnham Prebys community and guests from the broader community, the symposium fostered collaboration, scientific exchange and public engagement while helping early-career researchers strengthen the communication skills needed to share their discoveries beyond the laboratory.
Special thanks to our judges for their time and participation:
Nan Eastman Fishman Community Advisory Board Member
Mitchell Furumoto Associate Director, International Services, Sanford Burnham Prebys
Four researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute are among Research.com’s latest ranking of the “1,000 best scientists in the world” for 2025/26.
They are:
Michael Karin, PhD
Erkki Ruoslahti, MD, PhD
David Brenner, MD
Randal J. Kaufman, PhD
Research.com is an academic and higher education platform that produces data-driven rankings and guides. The latest listing of best scientists is primarily based on data derived from OpenAlex, an open-source catalog of the global research system with more than 480 million entries, and CrossRef, a not-for-profit digital registry of published scientific literature.
Additionally, researchers’ H-index is taken into account, which is a measure of the productivity and citation impact of their published work, an indicator of its importance and broader influence. H-index scores vary substantially by academic and scientific discipline. In biomedical research, an H-index of 40 or higher is deemed notable.
More on the four
Michael Karin, PhD, is among the world’s leading authorities on inflammation as a driver of disease, particularly cancer. He joined Sanford Burnham Prebys as director of the Center for Metabolic and Liver Diseases in 2025. Research.com identified Karin as ranking 23rd in the world among best scientists and 17th among U.S. researchers. His H-index was 279, with 348,118 citations in 834 publications.
Erkki Ruoslahti, PhD, joined Sanford Burnham Prebys in 1979 and served as president from 1989-2002. He is perhaps best known for co-discovering integrins—proteins that act as vital structural and chemical middlemen, connecting the inside of a cell to the surrounding extracellular matrix. He continues to conduct active studies. Research.com ranked Ruoslahti 341st in the world and 222nd in the U.S, with a 194 H-index, 153,152 citations in 704 publications.
David Brenner, MD, is president and CEO of Sanford Burnham Prebys and a leader in the field of gastroenterology research, specifically liver fibrosis (scarring). Research.com listed Brenner 872nd in the world and 505th in the U.S., with a 168 H-index, with 86,042 citations in 658 publications.
Randal J. Kaufman, PhD, is a professor in the Center for Metabolic and Liver Diseases. His research focuses on the fundamental mechanisms that regulate protein folding, why proteins misfold and the biological consequences. Research.com ranked Kaufman 890th in the world and 517th in the United States, with a 167 H-index on 119,194 citations in 566 publications.
For the full listing and explanations of methodology, visit Research.com.
Institute News
Kevin Tharp awarded $450,000 Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance grant to break down tumor defenses
Kevin Tharp, PhD, is an assistant professor in the NCI-designated Cancer Center’s Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment Program at Sanford Burnham Prebys. Image credit: Sanford Burnham Prebys.
The new award will fund research regarding how to bust through the barrier between tumors and immune cells
Kevin Tharp, PhD, was awarded a three-year, $450,000 Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance grant to study high grade serous ovarian cancer, the most common and deadly form of the disease.
In collaboration with researchers at the University of California San Diego, Tharp recently published findings in Cell Reports demonstrating a treatment approach in mice that allowed more tumor-fighting immune cells to approach tumors, shifted the behavior of other immune cells to work against tumors, and made immunotherapy more effective.
Tharp will use the new funding to follow up on these findings regarding how high grade serous ovarian cancer circumvents the immune system’s anti-tumor defenses. His team will focus on the physical barrier that tumors build to keep immune cells at bay.
“We know that tumors can wall themselves off with structural collagen proteins that resemble scar tissue, and that the presence of this obstacle determines the effectiveness of anti-cancer immunotherapies,” said Tharp.
“We want to know how and why tumors create this obstruction and understanding this will help us find ways to break through these defenses to make immunotherapies more effective.”
Tharp will conduct this research under the mentorship of Cosimo Commisso, PhD, the deputy director of the NCI-Designated Cancer Center at Sanford Burnham Prebys and a professor in the Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment Program, and David Schlaepfer, PhD, a professor in the department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences at the University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center.
“Too many ovarian cancer patients progress and do not respond to the standard of care, so finding new treatments is an extreme clinical need,” said Tharp.
“There is potential for immunotherapies to treat recurrent and metastatic cancer if we can bridge the divide between tumors and immune cells.”
The Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance is the oldest and largest ovarian and gynecologic cancer charity in the world. Since its founding in 1994, the alliance has grown into the leading non-government funder of ovarian and related gynecologic cancer research by investing more than $140 million in grants to scientists.