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Institute News

From postdoc to PI, it’s a journey. Don’t forget to pack some support

AuthorSanju Sinha
Date

December 15, 2023

Sanju Sinha (right) with computational biologist Lihe Liu, PhD, a postdoc member of Sinha’s new lab

The journal Nature Cancer asked a dozen early-career investigators to share their thoughts and experiences about starting their own labs in 2023. Among them: Sanju Sinha, PhD, who joined Sanford Burnham Prebys in June. Below is his essay. You can read the rest here.

Don’t forget to pack support 

Against the backdrop of a world emerging from a pandemic, starting my laboratory in 2023 was a whirlwind of excitement and anxiety, against the backdrop of a world emerging from a pandemic.

The goal for my laboratory is to understand cancer initiation and use this knowledge to develop preventative therapies—a goal appreciated by many, yet understudied and underfunded. We are aiming to achieve this by developing computational techniques based on machine-learning and leveraging big data from various sources, such as healthy tissues, pre-cancerous lesions and tumors. This journey has taken several unexpected turns, with its fair share of delights and challenges.

One significant hurdle appeared early: hiring. I recall the advice I received: “Forget it, you can’t hire a postdoc as an early-stage laboratory.” This made me ponder—if I were to choose right now, would I pursue a postdoc? My immediate answer was no. It struck me then: the traditional postdoc route needed a revamp.

Determined to instigate change, I introduced a new role: computational biologist. This position, an alternative to a postdoc, was tailored for transitioning to industry and offered better pay. The response was staggering—more than 400 applications.

Now, I’m proud to lead a fantastic team of three computational biologists from whom I am continually learning. This experience taught me a valuable lesson: crafting roles that serve both the goals of the laboratory and the career aspirations of the applicants can make a world of difference. I urge new principal investigators to shatter norms and design roles that provide fair compensation and smooth industry transition—reflecting the reality of the current job market.

However, the path to establishing a new laboratory was not without setbacks. Rejection is common in this field. I have already experienced a grant rejection and, considering the average grant success rate, I am prepared for many more.

Amid these challenges, my support system proved to be my lifeline. I’m grateful to be part of Sanford Burnham Prebys, which has proved to be more than just a top biomedical research institution. It is a community that provides unparalleled support for early principal investigators through generous startup packages, administrative assistance, hiring and grant-writing guidance, and a network of compassionate peers and mentors.

Equally important is my personal support system—my family, partner and friends who remind me that there is life beyond science, helping me maintain my well-being. This balance, I have realized, is the most crucial tool for anyone on a similar journey—so do not forget to pack support for the ride.

Institute News

The “Eph” system may pave the way for novel cancer therapies

AuthorSusan Gammon
Date

November 27, 2023

Elena Pasquale, PhD, Sanford Burnham Prebys

Over the past three decades, researchers have been investigating an important cell communication system called the “Eph system,” and the evidence implicating the system in cancer is staggering.

The Eph system is comprised of multiple Eph receptors and their ligands—ephrins—and are involved in contact-dependent communication between cells. They play essential roles in regulating various cellular processes.

Modern studies have shed light on the Eph system’s role in tumor expansion, invasiveness, metastasis, cancer stem cell maintenance and therapy resistance.

This month, Elena Pasquale, PhD, published a review in Nature Reviews Cancer that summarizes the current state of research on the Eph system and its links to cancer progression and drug resistance.

“The Eph system has many critical functions during the development of tissues and organs, but it also has the capacity to either promote or suppress cancer progression and malignancy” says Pasquale. “In cancer, the activities of the Eph system can differ depending on the circumstances—for example, which Eph receptors and ligands are present in a tumor cell, the types of tumor cells in which they function, and the characteristics of these cells.”

“It’s this remarkable versatility that makes the Eph system a compelling but also challenging target for potential therapies,” says Pasquale.

“The aims of this review were to comprehensively survey the large body of data regarding various aspects related to Eph signaling in tumors and to highlight potential strategies for therapeutic targeting,” says Pasquale. “Overall, while significant progress has been made in deciphering the Eph system in cancer, there is much more to learn.

“Gaining a deeper understanding of how the Eph system functions in cancer is challenging but will be essential for the development of targeted therapies and personalized treatment approaches for patients.”

Institute News

How cancer research silos perpetuate inequity in cancer outcomes: An interview with Svasti Haricharan

AuthorMiles Martin
Date

April 18, 2023

Svasti Haricharan, PhD

The National Institutes of Health recognizes National Minority Health Month each April. This is a time to raise awareness about the importance of reducing the health disparities faced by racial and ethnic minorities.

For our part, we spoke to Assistant Professor Svasti Haricharan, PhD, about her recently published review in Clinical Cancer Research. The paper describes some of the shortfalls of the current research focusing on cancer disparities. It also reveals what needs to happen to solve this problem. 

This paper describes “research silos” in cancer disparities, but what does this term mean?
The cancer research community has made a lot of progress recognizing that cancer research has a data diversity problem. We know that we need more researchers working on cancer disparities—for example, finding explanations as to why some racial and ethnic minorities have worse cancer survival rates than others. We also know that we need to generate more inclusive data in cancer research generally, which means building databases that include data from people of different backgrounds.

However, what we’re talking about in this new paper is a bit more subtle than that. It has more to do with which disparities researchers are studying and how they’re studying them. Cancer-disparities researchers tend to fall into two different categories with two very different approaches. One group focuses more on the societal problems driving disparities, and the other group is looking closely at the biology. But these two paths aren’t intersecting, which is preventing us from truly addressing racial disparities in cancer.

Can you tell us more about those two groups and how this division affects cancer research?
The first group includes researchers who study cancer disparities in the way most people understand them. They focus on social determinants of health, such as socioeconomic status and systemic bias in the healthcare system. The second group looks at the biology directly, focusing on how genetics impacts the molecular biology of cancer. These are both important research areas, and we’ve made a lot of progress independently with each of them.

The problem is that focusing on one or the other ignores something critical that has gained attention in recent years: lifestyle factors have a direct impact on the molecular biology of cancer. Our lived experiences leave a unique footprint in our cells on top of what’s already there because of what we inherited at birth. By keeping these two types of cancer research trapped in silos, we’re missing synergistic leaps that could truly transform our understanding of cancer outcome inequity. Breaking down these silos is the only way to keep moving this type of research forward.

How can we break down these silos? 
Looking at it broadly, funding bodies need to invest more in research that develops datasets using biological samples from underrepresented groups. This will help us learn more about how societal factors can have a different impact on the biology of cancer—depending on the person with the disease. Here in the lab, we need to create experimental systems that better represent the biology of people from racial and ethnic minorities. This could also help us solve an even bigger problem.

Therapeutic strategies for cancer that we find in the lab don’t often make it to the clinic. Improving the diversity of our cancer data will improve this success-to-failure ratio. It will help us identify treatments that work better in some people than in others and choose the best treatments for each patient. In other words, it will help us work toward truly individualized medicine. Ultimately, we can only develop good precision medicine for cancer when we start looking at all patient demographics more equitably.

Institute News

Padres Pedal the Cause 2023: Team Sanford Burnham Prebys raises $50,000 for cancer research

AuthorMiles Martin
Date

March 20, 2023

Group photo of Team Sanford Burnham Prebys 2023

Team Sanford Burnham Prebys hit the pavement this weekend for Padres Pedal the Cause, an annual fundraising event that invites participants to cycle, spin, run or walk to support local cancer research. The funds raised through each year’s race go to seed grants that fund collaborative cancer research projects in San Diego.

“Padres Pedal the Cause is a chance for the cancer community to come together and remember why collaboration is so important in cancer research,” says bike rider Ze’ev Ronai, PhD, director of the Institute’s NCI-designated Cancer Center. “Virtually all of us know somebody who has been impacted by cancer, including me. This is my fifth Padres Pedal the Cause, and every year I’m so proud to be part of our Institute’s team and help contribute to cancer research outside the lab.”

This year’s team was formidable: 56 employees and friends of the Institute signed up to either ride, run, or walk in the event. Team members came from all areas of the Institute, including faculty, staff scientists, administrative staff, postdocs, and even current and former members of the Institute’s Board of Trustees, such as Bill Gerhart and Steve Williams. Other notable names on this year’s team included longtime participants such as Professor Nicholas Cosford, PhD and James Short, associate director of Digital Communications and Design. 

“I’ve been with Padres Pedal the Cause since the very beginning, and it’s one of the highlights of my year,” says Short, who has helped lead the Institute’s team for the last 10 years.

The team also included some new members this year, such as Assistant Professor Lukas Chavez, PhD, and Director of Experimental Pharmacology Raghu Ramachandra, PhD, who both joined the Institute late last year. 

While Institute employees were well represented on this year’s team, there were also current some of the team’s top fundraisers had a different reason to join team Sanford Burnham Prebys. Kim McKewon is a longtime donor to the Institute and has been participating in Padres Pedal the Cause since its inception in 2013. This year she raised more than $6,000; and to date, she has raised more than $30,000. 

“I pedal for my husband, Ray, who is in remission from leukemia because of science and research, the very focus of the grants that are given from the fundraising that comes out of this event,” she writes in her website bio.

It’s not too late to support Team Sanford Burnham Prebys
To date, team Sanford Burnham Prebys has raised more than $300,000 through Padres Pedal the Cause since its inception in 2013. And while this year’s ride is over, there is always time to support local cancer research. The fundraising deadline for this year’s Padre’s Pedal the Cause is April 18, and 100% of every dollar raised goes toward lifesaving cancer research. Help team Sanford Burnham Prebys create a world without cancer.

Support Team Sanford Burnham Prebys

 

 

Institute News

Sanford Burnham Prebys researchers awarded Curebound grants

AuthorMiles Martin
Date

March 20, 2023

Aninyda Bagchi, PhD, Linda Bradley, Lukas Chavez, PhD, Nicholas Cosford, PhD, and Michael Jackson, PhD

Each year, Sanford Burnham Prebys joins Padres Pedal the Cause, an annual fundraising event that raises money for Curebound which awards collaborative cancer grants in the San Diego area.

These grants include Discovery Grants, which provide seed funds for high-risk/high-reward research in the earliest phases, and Targeted Grants, which are larger awards ($500K) that help translate promising discoveries into treatments for the clinic.

In the 2022-2023 Curebound Research portfolio, five researchers from Sanford Burnham Prebys were awarded grants: Associate Professor Anindya Bagchi, PhD, Professor Linda Bradley, PhD, Assistant Professor Lukas Chavez, PhD, Professor Nicholas Cosford, PhD, and Professor Michael Jackson, PhD

2022 Discovery Grant: Treating incurable pediatric brain tumors 
Bagchi and Chavez will collaborate to advance a new therapeutic approach for medulloblastoma, the most common childhood brain tumor. They will be focusing on a gene called MYC, found only in the deadliest forms of medulloblastoma. This form of brain cancer is currently untreatable, but Bagchi and Chavez recently discovered a molecule that can help control the activity of the MYC gene and potentially inhibit the growth of medulloblastoma tumors. The researcher holds promise to reveal a new treatment approach for this incurable cancer. 

The grant is titled “Decoding the Role of the Long Non-Coding RNA PVT1 in Medulloblastoma.”

2023 Targeted Grant: Discovering a new immunotherapy drug for melanoma
Bradley will be working with Soo Jin Park, MD, from UC San Diego Health to advance a new immunotherapy approach for malignant melanoma. Despite recent advances, this type of skin cancer still causes thousands of deaths in the U.S. each year. The goal of their project is to develop a new drug for melanoma that can reactivate the tumor-killing properties of the patient’s own immune system. This therapeutic approach has the potential to destroy tumors that are resistant to existing therapies, which could help save lives.

The grant is titled, “Advancing Immune Checkpoint Inhibition of PSGL-1 for Treatment of Malignant Melanoma.
 

2022 Discovery Grant: Developing drugs for bone-metastatic prostate cancer
Cosford will work with Christina Jamieson, PhD, from the University of California, San Diego, to advance a new treatment approach for prostate cancer that has spread to the bones. Bone is the most common place for prostate cancer to metastasize, and this form of cancer is currently incurable. The researchers will look for drugs that can kill tumor cells by inhibiting autophagy, a process that promotes tumor progression. The results of the study could identify a new drug ready for clinical trials.

The grant is titled “Pre-Clinical Development of New Autophagy Targeting Drugs for Bone Metastatic Prostate Cancer.”

2022 Discovery Grant: Repurposing drugs for deadly childhood brain cancer
Jackson and Chavez will collaborate to identify new treatment options for ependymoma, an aggressive pediatric brain tumor and leading cause of death among childhood cancer patients. The researchers will screen patient tumor cells against drugs already approved by the FDA for other conditions, looking for drugs that could be repurposed to fight these tumors. Because FDA-approved drugs are known to be safe for humans, this may prove to be the quickest way to help patients currently living with this cancer. 

The grant is titled “High Throughput-Screen for Inhibitors of Pediatric Ependymoma.”

Institute News

Is cloud computing a game changer in cancer research? Three big questions for Lukas Chavez

AuthorMiles Martin
Date

February 22, 2023

Lukas Chavez, PhD

As an assistant professor at Sanford Burnham Prebys and director of the Neuro-Oncology Molecular Tumor Board at Rady Children’s Hospital, Lukas Chavez, PhD, leverages modern technology for precision diagnostics and for uncovering new treatment options for the most aggressive childhood brain cancers.

We spoke to Chavez about his work and asked him how modern technology—particularly cloud computing—is shifting the approach to cancer research.

How are you using new technologies to advance your research?

New technologies are helping us generate a huge amount of data as well as many new types of data. All this new information at our disposal has created a pressing need for tools to make sense of it and maximize their benefits. That’s where computational biology and bioinformatics come into play. The childhood brain cancers I work on are very rare, which has historically made it difficult to study large numbers of cases and identify patterns.

Now, data for thousands of cases can be stored in the cloud. By creating data analysis tools, we can reveal insights that we would never have seen otherwise. For example, we’ve developed tools that can use patient data in the cloud to categorize brain cancers into subtypes we’ve never identified before, and we’re learning that there are many more types of brain tumors than we’ve previously understood. We’re basically transforming the classic histo-pathological approach that people have studied for decades by looking at tumor tissues under the microscope and turning that into data science.

How is cloud computing improving cancer research in general?

Assembling big datasets delays everything, so I believe the main idea of cloud computing is really to store data in the cloud, then bring the computational tools to the data, not the other way around.

My team did one study where we assembled publicly available data, and basically downloaded everything locally. The data assembly process alone took at least two to three years because of all the data access agreements and legal offices that were involved.

And that is the burden that cloud computing infrastructures remove. All of this personalized cancer data can be centrally stored in the cloud, which makes it available to more researchers while keeping it secure to protect patient privacy. Researchers can get access without downloading the data, so they are not responsible for data protection anymore. It’s both faster and more secure to just bring your tools to the data.

Are there any risks we need to be aware of?

Like any new technology, we need to be clear about how we use it. The technology is another tool in the toolbox of patient care. It will never entirely replace physicians and researchers, but it can complement and assist them.

Also, because we use costly and sophisticated tools that are being built and trained on very specific patient groups, we need to be careful that these tools are not only helping wealthier segments of society. Ideally, these tools will be expanded worldwide to help everybody affected by cancer.

Institute News

Brain cancer researcher Jia Zack Shen wins 2022 Eric Dudl scholarship

AuthorMiles Martin
Date

October 18, 2022

Professor Cosimo Comisso, Brett Dudl, Dr. Jim Dudl, Barbra Dudl, and scholarship winner Zack Shen

For the first time since the pandemic, Sanford Burnham Prebys presented the Eric Dudl Endowed Scholarship Award in person at last week’s Cancer Center Open House. This year’s recipient, selected by leaders at the Cancer Center, was Jia Zack Shen, PhD, a staff scientist in the lab of Charles Spruck, PhD The award pays tribute to Eric Dudl, a postdoctoral researcher who succumbed to cancer in 2006, when he was just 33.

“Eric was ill at such a young age, but he was also very lucky because he knew exactly what his dream job was and what his life meant,” says Shen. “Eric’s compassion and dedication to cancer research has been inspiring and encouraging for our postdocs here at Sanford Burnham Prebys. Thank you to the Dudl family for helping me continue my career here.”

Honoring Eric Dudl

In 2005, Eric Dudl had just begun his postdoctoral research in a cancer lab at Sanford Burnham Prebys, where he was known as kind, helpful and a fast learner. Then, at age 32, he was diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer. This only fueled his fiery passion for cancer research.

“Even when he was very ill, Eric wanted to make a contribution in the time he had,” says Jim Dudl, MD, Eric’s father. “One day I looked at Eric and asked, ‘Why don’t you take some time off work? Get your energy back and go back in when you feel better?’ He looked up at me and said, ‘Why would I do that? This is the best job in the world!’”

Tragically, Eric Dudl would pass away in 2006, at age 33. The next year, his parents established the Eric Dudl Endowed Scholarship Fund to support young cancer researchers like their son.
“These talented scientists pick up where Eric had to leave off,” says Barbara Dudl, Eric’s mother.

Eric Dudl

Eric Dudl

“We are so grateful to the Institute for their compassion for Eric during his illness and helping us create this scholarship. The scientists who are now working on new discoveries might one day save the life of someone like Eric.”

The award presentation was emceed by Cosimo Commisso, PhD, and featured comments from Eric’s parents, as well as his brother, Bret.

“This scholarship fund is the best way we can honor Eric, because he was so passionate about education and supporting others,” says Bret. “The fact that he now helps other postdocs further their work to fight cancer is exactly what he would have wanted.”

Meet the recipient: Jia Zack Shen

Shen started at the Institute as a postdoctoral researcher in 2016, winning a Fishman Fund Award that year. He has since transitioned to a permanent role as a staff scientist, and the funding from this award will help continue to support his role.

“Sanford Burnham Prebys has a great, noncompetitive atmosphere, and the resources we have here are excellent,” says Shen. “Combining cancer research with the drug discovery capabilities we have at SBP is my dream.”

Shen’s research focuses on killing cancer stem cells by shutting off their ability to self-renew and by promoting a response from the immune system, delivering what Shen and his colleagues call a “one-two punch.” Shen has been working specifically on glioblastoma, one of the most aggressive brain cancers.

“Glioblastoma is one of the most devastating diseases, and there is a desperate need for better ways to treat it,” says Shen. “I am working hard to leverage the immune system to fight glioblastoma and save thousands of lives.”

Institute News

2022 Fishman Fund Awards honor postdoctoral researchers

AuthorMiles Martin
Date

October 17, 2022

2022 Fishman Fund Awardees - Shanshan Yin, PhD, Tanja Eisemann, PhD, Cynthia Lebeaupin, PhD and Guillem Lambies Barjau, PhD

Since 2001, the awards have paid tribute to our Institute’s heritage and supported the trailblazers of tomorrow

Last week, the Fishman Fund Awards were presented at the Sanford Consortium, marking the first in-person awards presentation for the scholarships since 2019. The Fishman Fund honors the legacy of the Institute’s founders, Dr. William and Mrs. Lillian Fishman, and its purpose is to support the next generation of scientific leaders.

“The Fishman Fund Awards are important to our community and to the future of science,” said President and CEO David Brenner, M.D., during his comments at the ceremony. “The Fishmans understood that supporting our young scientists is a critical investment in the future of research, and that postdocs are the lifeblood of a scientific enterprise and crucial to the process of discovery.”

Professor Hudson Freeze, PhD, the first Fishman Fund awardee, recalled how the award was given to faculty the first year, but after that became an award exclusively for postdoctoral researchers. “Those are the people who do the work, and without them, there is no Institute,” said Freeze.

Assistant Professor Caroline Kumsta, PhD, who was a Fishman Fund awardee in 2011, also spoke. “The Fishman Fund has shaped many aspects of my life, and I am honored to be one of the recipients,” she said.

The evening was emceed by Reena Horowitz, who established the Fishman Fund with the late Mary Bradley in 2001. Since then, 74 awards have been conferred. This year, three $10,000 awards were given to postdocs to support their career development. An additional fellowship that provides salary and benefits was also awarded.

“These awards are important because they provide the vital funds to young career scientists for professional development and collaborative opportunities,” Horowitz said. “It is these up-and-coming biomedical researchers who will make the medical discoveries of tomorrow, shape the future of healthcare and literally save lives.”

This year’s awards were presented to:

Guillem Lambies Barjau, PhD
Jeanne Jones and Kathryn Fishback Fishman Fund Award

“I am honored to be here today. Thank you to Sanford Burnham Prebys and the Fishman Fund for giving me this opportunity.”

Lambies Barjau hopes to improve the outcome of patients with pancreatic cancer. In the lab of Cosimo Commisso, PhD, Lambies Barjau studies how pancreatic cancer cells gather nutrients from their environment to survive and grow. Pancreatic tumors exist in a harsh, nutrient-poor environment, but they can activate a process called macropinocytosis to scavenge molecules as an alternative source of energy. By deciphering this process, Lambies Barjau’s research may reveal novel approaches to slow the growth of these often-deadly tumors.

Shanshan Yin, PhD
Lenka Finci and Erna Viterbi Fishman Fund Award

“I am grateful that you are our scientists’ strongest supporters. Together, we’ll do great science.”

Yin is studying the links between aging and breast cancer. About one in eight women will get breast cancer during her life, and the risk increases with age. In the lab of Peter Adams, PhD, Yin uses cutting-edge technology to quantify the activation of specific genes during aging. Identifying these genes may help explain why breast cancer occurs more frequently in older women, and could also lead to preventive treatments to spare the millions affected by the disease.

Tanja Eisemann, PhD
Reena Horowitz and Mary Bradley Fishman Fund Award

“I can’t tell you how honored I am to receive a 2022 Fishman Fund Award. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the Fishman Fund donors for their generosity.”

Eisemann is exploring approaches to leverage the immune system against medulloblastoma, one of the most aggressive childhood brain cancers. Although rare, there are still about 500 children in the U.S. diagnosed each year with this dangerous cancer. In the lab of Robert Wechsler-Reya, PhD, Eisemann studies the interactions between T cells and medulloblastoma tumor cells, opening new research avenues to discover therapies that can enhance a patient’s own immune system to slow—or even eliminate—this dangerous brain cancer.

Cynthia Lebeaupin, PhD
Fishman Fund Fellowship

“The Fishman Fund Fellowship and the resources at Sanford Burnham Prebys will ensure I canperform science of excellent quality and make a lasting impact. Thank you for your support.”

Lebeaupin works in the laboratory of Randal J. Kaufman, PhD, where she studies how fatty liver disease leads to liver cancer. Fatty liver disease, which affects more than 25% of the U.S. population, develops when the body creates too much fat or can’t metabolize fat efficiently enough. There are no treatments or cures for this chronic liver condition and no methods of early detection. Lebeaupin’s research aims to address this unmet medical need by uncovering the biological pathways that lead to liver cancer and translating these findings into effective therapies.

Institute News

How community collaboration shapes leukemia research at Sanford Burnham Prebys

AuthorMiles Martin
Date

October 4, 2022

Rena Johnson, Ani Deshpande, PhD, and Todd Johnson holding a large cardboard check for $25,000 from the Luke Tatsu Johnson Foundation

Since 2020, Todd and Rena Johnson, co-founders of the Luke Tatsu Johnson Foundation (LTJF), have helped fund the research of Associate Professor Ani Deshpande, PhD

But it all started with their son Luke. He had a very rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia, one of the most difficult-to-treat cancers, and, sadly, he passed away from the disease in 2016. This inspired the Johnsons to become involved with fundraising and advocacy for cancer research.

“Our foundation started with a fundraising golf tournament to honor Luke, and that was about taking something so horrific and so horrible and finding a way to turn it into something positive,” says Rena. “If you can take that tragedy and put a positive spin on it, then everything around Luke and his name and his memory becomes positive.”

How “the stars and planets aligned” to bring the Johnsons to the Institute

In a remarkable coincidence, the Johnsons discovered on their first visit to the Institute that Deshpande’s research focuses on AF10 fusion AML, an extremely rare subtype of the disease that accounts for about 5 percent of cases. It’s also the subtype of AML that Luke had.

“It was a goosebumps-raising moment,” says Todd. “Once we visited Ani and saw his lab, we realized there was a lot more in common with our story and his research than we had realized before.”

“The stars and planets aligned and brought us to Ani,” adds Rena. 

Luke Tatsu Johnson

Luke Tatsu Johnson

As well as helping fund Deshpande’s research through LTJF and their partnership with the Rally! Foundation, the Johnsons are also on the Community Advisory Board (CAB) for the Institute’s Cancer Center, which advocates for cancer research by engaging the community. 

“The CAB does such a wonderful job of connecting the community with the scientists, and we’re so excited to be involved in that,” says Todd. “That’s fundamentally what we do as a foundation—we support the folks doing this work so that children and families down the road can have a different outcome from Luke’s.”
 

AML research “needs more support and needs more funding”

The Johnsons’ support helped the AML research team discover a new potential treatment for AML, which is currently in preclinical studies, after which they hope it will advance to clinical trials. The research team maintains that it would have been impossible to secure the NIH grants necessary to do these studies without the jump start given by the LTJF and the Rally! Foundation.

“We couldn’t do what we do without the Johnsons’ support,” says Deshpande. “We are so grateful to have them in our corner, and we’re confident that our work will help improve outcomes for kids like Luke down the line.”

Despite this progress, more research into AML and other leukemias is still needed. Leukemia is the most common cancer in children and teens. About 4,000 children are diagnosed with leukemia each year, and AML accounts for about a third of these cases.
 

Studying AML from all angles

To tackle this pressing problem, the Institute has established an AML disease team composed of researchers across labs and clinician partners. The team’s research falls into several large categories, including studying the genetics of AML, studying how the disease works in animal models and working to develop drugs that can target specific mutations associated with the disease, which are numerous. 

“AML has many different subtypes, so it’s been difficult for researchers to make major advances to treat all cases of AML,” says Deshpande, who co-leads the AML team with Professor Peter D. Adams, PhD “Most patients with AML are given the same treatments that have been used since the ’70s, which is why we want to look at AML from as many angles as possible.”

In addition to being difficult to treat, it is also challenging to get funding for AML research, particularly for the rarer subtypes. This makes the support of foundations such as LTJF even more vital to researchers like Deshpande. 

“This is exactly why AML research needs more support and needs more funding, because this is a much more difficult disease than other forms of leukemia,” says Todd. “Many patients don’t have positive outcomes, and the only way to turn that pendulum is to intensify our efforts and increase the amount of research being done.”

Institute News

Heating up cold brain tumors: An emerging approach to medulloblastoma

AuthorMiles Martin
Date

July 6, 2022

Cancer cells

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but it doesn’t work on many childhood brain tumors. Researchers from Sanford Burnham Prebys are working to change that.

Brain tumors account for about a quarter of all cancer cases in children. Medulloblastoma, a particularly aggressive form of childhood brain cancer, often develops resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. Researchers from Sanford Burnham Prebys are working to solve this problem by harnessing the power of the immune system.

They describe the potential of this approach in their recently published paper in Genes & Development. 

“The brain’s location makes it very difficult to target medulloblastoma tumors with current therapies,” says first author Tanja Eisemann, PhD, a postdoctoral associate in the lab of Robert Wechsler-Reya, PhD “They’re also immunologically cold, which means they’re good at evading the immune system.” 

The researchers hypothesize that it may be possible to enhance the body’s immune response to medulloblastoma and help the body’s immune cells enter the brain, making treatment with immunotherapy possible.

“Immunotherapy has so much potential as a  cancer treatment, but its scope is limited right now,” says Eisemann. “We want to bring the benefits of this therapy to medulloblastoma patients and their families.”

Eisemann has been studying this approach in mice, and although the research is still at an early stage, she and her colleagues are highly optimistic about its potential.

“The brain has long been considered immune privileged, hidden from immune-system surveillance and immune responses. But we’re starting to see that this isn’t the case,” says Eisemann. “This is a rapidly evolving field, and I’m excited to be working in a lab on the forefront of that research.”