medulloblastoma Archives - Sanford Burnham Prebys
Institute News

Seminar Series: extrachromosomal DNA and the metabolic circuits of cancer immune suppression

AuthorScott LaFee
Date

March 25, 2024

The ongoing Sanford Burnham Prebys seminar series will feature a pair of speakers on March 27, from noon to 1p.m., in the Fishman Auditorium. They will be presenting on two topics: extrachromosomal DNA and the tumor microenvironment.

First, Owen Chapman, PhD, a postdoctoral research scientist in the lab of Lukas Chavez, PhD, will discuss clinical and genomic features of circular extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) in medulloblastomas, a type of brain tumor.

EcDNA is DNA found off chromosomes, either inside or outside the nucleus of a cell. In a study published last year, Chavez (senior author), Chapman (first author) and colleagues reported that patients with medulloblastomas containing ecDNA are twice as likely to relapse after treatment and three times as likely to die within five years of diagnosis.

The second presentation will be by Kevin Tharp, PhD assistant professor in the Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment Program. Tharp, who joined Sanford Burnham Prebys in December 2023, studies how tumors manipulate their mitochondria to improve survivability and how those cellular mechanics can be leveraged to create more effective therapies.

Institute News

A year-end note from David Brenner

AuthorDavid Brenner
Date

December 19, 2023

This past year — my first full calendar year as president and CEO of Sanford Burnham Prebys — has been exciting and immensely rewarding. We’ve accomplished a lot and, more importantly, laid the groundwork for a wealth of future achievements.

It begins with having a plan. We are in the midst of a biomedical revolution, one in which the old ways of thinking about and doing science no longer address the complexities of modern research or the greater needs in public health.

Sanford Burnham Prebys is particularly positioned to adapt and lead in this new world by combining distinct and powerful resources with a unified mission driven by ambitious goals that emphasize disease-focused centers combined with enabling technology programs.

Of course, doing so requires a brilliant faculty, one that boasts exceptional skills and vision not just in this moment, but in the years to come. Our faculty know what to do. Our newest faculty promise to further propel and elevate. In less than a year, we have hired eight early-career scientists and physicians, an unprecedented number in such a short time.

They are among the best and brightest, coming from elite labs and institutions across the country: Shengie Feng, PhD (Howard Hughes Medical Institute and UCSF); Kelly Kersten, PhD (UCSF); Angela Liou, MD (Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia) Sanjeev Ranade, PhD (Gladstone Institutes); Sanju Sinha, PhD (National Cancer Institute); Xueqin Sherine Sun, PhD (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory); Kevin Tharp, PhD (UCSF); and Xiao Tian, PhD (Harvard Medical School).

A couple have already started their next chapters of their careers at Sanford Burnham Prebys, including already landing new grants! Others begin in January or March. Please welcome them.

These eight scientists represent the first wave. There are more to come, the benefit of Denny Sanford’s landmark gift early in 2023.

It has been a robust year in science at Sanford Burnham Prebys, too.

The Cancer Center received a merit extension from the NCI related to its support grant, a rare recognition of ongoing excellence. The Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics continues to be the go-to place for drug discovery, highlighted by a trio of recent awards totaling almost $25 million to pursue novel leads and promising therapies to treat all manners of addiction.

Sanford Burnham Prebys researchers are pushing boundaries across disciplines, from DNA loops in pediatric brain tumors and a sugar with anti-cancer properties to a heart attack study that could change regenerative medicine and discovering that an incurable liver disease might just be curable.

We’ve also welcomed two new trustees: Michael R. Cunningham, PhD and Lori Moore.

It’s been a busy year. It’s been a good year.

With all of you, next year will be even better.

Institute News

Heating up cold brain tumors: An emerging approach to medulloblastoma

AuthorMiles Martin
Date

July 6, 2022

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but it doesn’t work on many childhood brain tumors. Researchers from Sanford Burnham Prebys are working to change that.

Brain tumors account for about a quarter of all cancer cases in children. Medulloblastoma, a particularly aggressive form of childhood brain cancer, often develops resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. Researchers from Sanford Burnham Prebys are working to solve this problem by harnessing the power of the immune system.

They describe the potential of this approach in their recently published paper in Genes & Development

“The brain’s location makes it very difficult to target medulloblastoma tumors with current therapies,” says first author Tanja Eisemann, PhD, a postdoctoral associate in the lab of Robert Wechsler-Reya, PhD “They’re also immunologically cold, which means they’re good at evading the immune system.” 

The researchers hypothesize that it may be possible to enhance the body’s immune response to medulloblastoma and help the body’s immune cells enter the brain, making treatment with immunotherapy possible.

“Immunotherapy has so much potential as a  cancer treatment, but its scope is limited right now,” says Eisemann. “We want to bring the benefits of this therapy to medulloblastoma patients and their families.”

Eisemann has been studying this approach in mice, and although the research is still at an early stage, she and her colleagues are highly optimistic about its potential.

“The brain has long been considered immune privileged, hidden from immune-system surveillance and immune responses. But we’re starting to see that this isn’t the case,” says Eisemann. “This is a rapidly evolving field, and I’m excited to be working in a lab on the forefront of that research.”

Institute News

Conrad Prebys Foundation provides $3 million for pediatric brain cancer research

AuthorSusan Gammon
Date

April 7, 2021

Conrad Prebys was an extraordinary man and a passionate philanthropist. Today, his generosity extends beyond his life through the Conrad Prebys Foundation.

This year, the Foundation provided $3 million to Robert Wechsler-Reya, PhD, and his team of researchers to advance a potential drug to treat medulloblastoma—the most common malignant brain tumor in children.

Children with medulloblastoma often receive aggressive treatment (surgery, radiation and chemotherapy), but many still die of their disease, and survivors suffer long-term effects from therapy. Safer and more effective therapies are desperately needed.

Wechsler-Reya recently combined forces with Michael Jackson, PhD, senior vice president of Drug Discovery and Development, to find a drug(s) that would inhibit the growth of Group 3 medulloblastoma, the most aggressive form of the disease. Using high-throughput screening technology, they identified a compound that reduces levels of a protein called MYC, which is found at exceptionally high levels in Group 3 medulloblastoma, as well as in cancers of the blood, breast, lung and prostate.

“An effective MYC inhibitor could have a major impact on the survival and quality of life of patients with medulloblastoma,” says Wechsler-Reya. “We identified a compound that reduces levels of MYC in medulloblastoma cells, but now we need to learn how it works to optimize it as an anti-cancer drug and advance studies toward the clinic.

“Historically, pharmaceutical companies and funding agencies have under-invested in childhood cancers, and the majority of drugs currently used to treat these cancers were originally developed for adult cancer,” adds Wechsler-Reya. “We believe that effective drugs for pediatric brain tumors must be developed—and this award from the Foundation will help us achieve this goal.”

“We are profoundly grateful to Conrad for his generosity over the years,” says President Kristiina Vuori, MD, PhD “He has a special legacy at our Institute, which was renamed Sanford Burnham Prebys in 2015 to honor him. We are now thankful to his Foundation for including us in their inaugural grant cycle, and for supporting the critical work we do to benefit children and others suffering from cancer.”

The Conrad Prebys Foundation allocated $78 million in its inaugural grant cycle to fund 121 projects. The awards reflect areas of personal interest to Conrad Prebys—including visual and performing arts, higher education, health care, youth development and animal conservation.

Sanford Burnham Prebys joins a long list of recipients, which included other prominent San Diego institutions such as Rady Children’s Hospital, KPBS, San Diego State University, Scripps Research, Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego and the La Jolla Music Society.

Institute News

Our top 10 discoveries of 2020

AuthorMonica May
Date

December 14, 2020

This year required dedication, patience and perseverance as we all adjusted to a new normal—and we’re proud that our scientists more than rose to the occasion.

Despite the challenges presented by staggered-shift work and remote communications, our researchers continued to produce scientific insights that lay the foundation for achieving cures.

Read on to learn more about our top 10 discoveries of the year—which includes progress in the fight against COVID-19, insights into treating deadly cancers, research that may help children born with a rare condition, and more.
 

  1. Nature study identifies 21 existing drugs that could treat COVID-19

    Sumit Chanda, PhD, and his team screened one of the world’s largest drug collections to find compounds that can stop the replication of SARS-CoV-2. This heroic effort was documented by the New York Times, the New York Times Magazine, TIME, NPR and additional outlets—and his team continues to work around the clock to advance these potential treatment options for COVID-19 patients.

     

  2. Fruit flies reveal new insights into space travel’s effect on the heart

    Wife-and-husband team Karen Ocorr, PhD, and Rolf Bodmer, PhD, shared insights that hold implications for NASA’s plan to build a moon colony by 2024 and send astronauts to Mars.

     

  3. Personalized drug screens could guide treatment for children with brain cancer

    Robert Wechsler-Reya, PhD, and Jessica Rusert, PhD, demonstrated the power of personalized drug screens for medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain cancer in children.

     

  4. Preventing pancreatic cancer metastasis by keeping cells “sheltered in place”

    Cosimo Commisso, PhD, identified druggable targets that hold promise as treatments that stop pancreatic cancer’s deadly spread.

     

  5. Prebiotics help mice fight melanoma by activating anti-tumor immunity

    Ze’ev Ronai, PhD, showed that two prebiotics, mucin and inulin, slowed the growth of melanoma in mice by boosting the immune system’s ability to fight cancer.

     

  6. New test for rare disease identifies children who may benefit from a simple supplement

    Hudson Freeze, PhD, helped create a test that determines which children with CAD deficiency—a rare metabolic disease—are likely to benefit from receiving a nutritional supplement that has dramatically improved the lives of other children with the condition.

     

  7. Drug guides stem cells to desired location, improving their ability to heal

    Evan Snyder, MD, PhD, created the first drug that can lure stem cells to damaged tissue and improve treatment efficacy—a major advance for regenerative medicine.

     

  8. Scientists identify a new drug target for dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

    Francesca Marassi, PhD, showed that the blood protein vitronectin is a promising drug target for dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of vision loss in Americans 60 years of age and older.

     

  9. Scientists uncover a novel approach to treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy

    Pier Lorenzo Puri, MD, PhD, collaborated with scientists at Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Rome to show that pharmacological (drug) correction of the content of extracellular vesicles released within dystrophic muscles can restore their ability to regenerate muscle and prevent muscle scarring.

     

  10. New drug candidate reawakens sleeping HIV in the hopes of a functional cure

    Sumit Chanda, PhD, Nicholas Cosford, PhD, and Lars Pache, PhD, created a next-generation drug called Ciapavir (SBI-0953294) that is effective at reactivating dormant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—an approach called “shock and kill.”

Institute News

Sanford Burnham Prebys researchers awarded 2020 Padres Pedal the Cause grants

AuthorSusan Gammon
Date

July 9, 2020

We are pleased to announce that Padres Pedal the Cause (PPTC) has awarded three collaborative research grants to Sanford Burnham Prebys, Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Health and the Salk Institute. Funding for the research comes from the record setting $3.1 million raised in the 2019 event and brings the lifetime raise for PPTC to over $13 million.

PPTC’s goal is to leverage the strengths of San Diego—home to three nationally recognized NIH cancer institutions and a renowned pediatric hospital. Each grant unites scientists at beneficiary institutions and aims to advance research toward developing therapies to attack and cure cancer.

Congratulations to the recipients!

  • Robert Wechsler-Reya, PhD, (SBP) and John Crawford, MD, (Moores Cancer Center/Rady Children’s) will work on a new approach to treat medulloblastoma—the most common malignant brain tumor in children.
  • Garth Powis, D. Phil., (SBP) Pradipta Ghosh, MD, (Moores Cancer Center) and Michael Bouvet, MD, (Moores Cancer Center) are joining forces to find medical treatments for gastric cancer—a disease for which no therapy exists. 
  • Nicholas Cosford, PhD, (SBP) Hatim Husain, MD, (Moores Cancer Center) and Reuben Shaw, PhD, (Salk Institute) will perform a first-of-its-kind study for lung cancer—the number one cause of cancer-related deaths per year.

The PPTC event featured multiple cycling courses, a 5K run or walk, spin classes and kid-friendly activities. The number of participants reached an all-time high of nearly 3,000 in 2019.

Congratulations to everyone who worked, played and cycled their way to success!

Read the full list of 2020 grants funded by Padres Pedal the Cause.

Institute News

Wechsler-Reya only San Diego researcher to receive St. Baldrick’s grant

AuthorKristen Cusato
Date

July 21, 2016

Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute scientist Robert Wechsler-Reya, PhD, has received a $100,000 grant from the St. Baldrick’s Foundation. He will use the award to advance research in medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children.

Worldwide, every two minutes a child is diagnosed with cancer. One in five kids diagnosed in the U.S. will not survive, and of those who survive, two-thirds will suffer from long-term effects from the very treatment that saved their life.

As the largest private funder of childhood cancer research grants, St. Baldrick’s supports the best research no matter where it takes place, giving hope to every child. Today the organization announced 79 grants totaling $22 million dollars awarded to researchers across the country.

Dr. Wechsler-Reya is the only San Diego area researcher to be awarded a grant from St. Baldrick’s this year.

“St. Baldrick’s supports cool, exciting ideas and they allow you to start getting data so you can be funded by the NIH (National Institutes of Health),” said Wechsler-Reya. “If I could go up to a parent someday and say ‘I can figure it out, I can save your child’, that would be amazing.”

Something else that’s amazing: Wechsler-Reya’s brother Dr. Dan Wechsler, of the Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina, also received a grant from St. Baldrick’s to study leukemia.

“It’s a really fantastic foundation,” said Wechsler-Reya. ”People raise money and shave their heads, to really think about what a child with cancer goes through.”

 

Institute News

New drug combination may lead to treatment for childhood brain cancer

AuthorJessica Moore
Date

March 14, 2016

Researchers at SBP have identified a new combination therapy for the most aggressive form of medulloblastoma, a fast growing type of pediatric brain cancer. The study, published  in Cancer Cell, is expected to lead to a clinical trial to confirm the benefits of the novel drug combination. Continue reading “New drug combination may lead to treatment for childhood brain cancer”

Institute News

Why new therapies are failing some kids with brain cancer

Authorjmoore
Date

February 1, 2016

The most common type of malignant brain cancer in children is medulloblastoma, a fast growing tumor located in the cerebellum—the lower, rear portion of the brain. Although the standard treatment, an aggressive combination of surgery, radiation, and high-dose chemotherapy, cures more than 70 percent of patients, many survivors are left with profound long-term side effects, including cognitive deficits and increased incidence of other cancers. Continue reading “Why new therapies are failing some kids with brain cancer”

Institute News

“Survivin” as a new target to treat brain cancer

Authorsgammon
Date

October 8, 2014

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain cancer in children. Children diagnosed with the disease undergo intense therapy, including surgery, radiation, and high-dose chemotherapy. Although current treatment regimens have improved 5-year survival rates, almost a third of MB patients still die from their disease, and children who survive suffer long-term side effects that affect their quality of life. Continue reading ““Survivin” as a new target to treat brain cancer”